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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) in elderly patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant and its correlation with underlying diseases. Methods A total of 22 elderly patients (>80 years old) infected with omicron variant, who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Apr. to Jun. 2022 and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, were included. The level of serum IL-6 was measured by flow cytometry, and the level of serum C reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immunonephelometry. Patients were divided into pneumonia group (16 cases) and non-pneumonia group (6 cases) according to the imaging examination results, and were divided into severe group (severe and critical type, 5 cases) and non-severe group (mild and normal type, 17 cases) according to the condition. Binary logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-6 and CRP levels and the severity of the disease and whether it would progress to pneumonia. Meanwhile, the relationships between underlying diseases and serum IL-6 level were explored. Results Among the 22 patients, 6 were mild, 11 were normal, 3 were severe, and 2 were critical. The baseline serum IL-6 level in the pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in the non-pneumonia group ([20.16+/-12.36]pg/mL vs [5.42+/-1.57] pg/mL, P=0.009), and there was no significant difference in baseline serum CRP level between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in baseline serum IL-6 or CRP levels between the severe group and the non-severe group (both P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the baseline serum IL-6 and CRP might be related to pneumonia after infection with omicron variant (odds ratio [OR]=2.407, 95% confidence interval [CI]0.915-6.328;OR=1.030, 95% CI 0.952-1.114). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve values of serum IL-6 and CRP in predicting the progression to pneumonia were 0.969 (95% CI 0.900-1.000) and 0.656 (95% CI 0.380-0.932), respectively, with statistical significance (Z=2.154, P=0.030). There were no significant differences in the baseline serum IL-6 level or proportions of severe patients or pneumonia patients among patients with or without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all P>0.05). The baseline serum IL-6 levels of the omicron variant infected elderly patients with 1, 2, and 3 or more underlying diseases were 12.50 (9.15, 21.75), 23.55 (9.63, 50.10), and 10.90 (5.20, 18.88) pg/mL, respectively, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion For omicron variant infected patients, serum IL-6 level is significantly increased in patients with pneumonia manifestations and is correlated with disease progression. Serum IL-6 level is of great guiding significance to judge disease progression and evaluate efficacy and prognosis of elderly coronavirus disease 2019 patients.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.
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Background: There is an urgent need for more efficient models of differentiated anti-retroviral therapy (ART) delivery, with the World Health Organization and PEPFAR calling for evidence to guide whether 12-monthly ART prescriptions and clinic review (12M scripts) should be recommended in global guidelines. We assessed the association between 12M scripts (allowed temporarily during the COVID-19 pandemic) and clinical outcomes in South Africa. Method(s): We performed a retrospective cohort study using routine, deidentified data from 59 public clinics in KwaZulu-Natal. We included PLHIV aged >18 years with a recent suppressed viral load (VL), and who had been referred from their clinic into a community ART delivery programme with a standard 6-month prescription and clinic review (6M script) or a 12M script. In the community ART programme, PLHIV collected ART every two months at external pick-up points, before returning to the clinic after 6 or 12 months for a new script. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression, accounting for clinic clustering, to compare 12-month retention-in-care (not >90 days late for any visit) and viral suppression (< 50 copies/mL) between 6M and 12M script groups. Result(s): Among 27,148 PLHIV referred for community ART between Jun-Dec 2020, 42.6% received 6M scripts and 57.4% 12M scripts. The median age was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] 33-46) and 69.4% were women. Age, gender, prior community ART use and time on ART were similar in the two groups (Table). However, a larger proportion of the 12M script group had a dolutegravirbased regimen (60.0% versus 46.3%). The median (IQR) number of clinic visits in the 12 months of follow-up was 1(1-1) in the 12M group and 2(2-3) in the 6M group. Retention at 12 months was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.2%- 94.9%) among those receiving 12M scripts and 91.8% (95% CI 91.3%-92.3%) among those with 6M scripts. 16.8% and 16.7% of clients in the 12M and 6M groups were missing follow-up VL data, respectively. Among those with VLs, 90.4% (95% CI 89.9%-91.0%) in the 12M group and 88.9% (95% CI 88.3%- 89.5%) in the 6M group were suppressed. After adjusting for age, gender, ART regimen, time on ART and prior community ART use, retention (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) and suppression (aRR: 1.02(1.01-1.03) were higher with 12M scripts. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 led to temporary introduction of 12M scripts in South Africa. Wider use could reduce clinic visits without negative impacts on shortterm clinical outcomes.
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Introduction: Long COVID is a term coined for long term post COVID-19 disease complications. Touted as the 'pandemic after the pandemic' it has significant implications for employment especially on productivity and quality of worker output. Objective(s): 1. To assess the baseline knowledge among employees working in selected smart phone manufacturing companies regarding COVID-19 disease, COVID vaccination and long COVID complications. 2. To assess the prevalence of long COVID complications among the study subjects. Methodology: We followed a quantitative cross-sectional study design between May-Jun 2022 in 6 factories across South India. A semi-structured, face-validated interview schedule was administered to the employees via Google Forms. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.21. Result(s): A total of 118 employees were included in the study. Most employees were male (89.2%), between 25-30 years of age (46.3%) and had completed their Bachelor's degree (71.29%). Most had at least 1-5 years of current work experience (80.5%). Almost 55.1% of the employees had suffered from COVID-19 in the past of which 33.8% had been hospitalised. Only 42.8% of employees knew about long COVID complications and 33.1% knew of only one symptom. None of the employees had taken the booster dose of the vaccine despite 67.8% knowing that the vaccine protected against severe disease. Almost 75% of employees reported to suffer from one or more post COVID complications. Long standing fatigue (16.9%), cough and breathing difficulty (6.1%) were the most common complaints. Conclusion and recommendations: Low awareness regarding long COVID will impact health seeking behavior and increase presenteeism at the workplace. Increasing awareness regarding COVID-19 disease, vaccinations and the post COVID complications through training programmes and health education sessions will bridge the key knowledge gaps identified. Promotion of booster dose vaccination against COVID-19 for all employees will help in reducing the burden of long COVID at the workplace.
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Background: National Multiple Sclerosis Society and other international guidelines suggest that full COVID-19 vaccination status should be completed two to four weeks before starting Year 2 of treatment with cladribine tablets (CladT). CladT is administered twice over two years, Year 1 and Year 2. There is a special interest in real-world evidence on whether vaccination status may affect initiation of CladT treatment in Year 2. The objective of this analysis was to describe the proportion of patients treated with CladT who received COVID-19 vaccination, and whether this influenced the timing of initiating treatment with CladT in Year 2. Material(s) and Method(s): A vaccination questionnaire-based survey was sent to patients treated with CladT who were enrolled in the ADVEVA patient support program (PSP), upon their consent. The survey was carried out in the Gulf region (GULF) from Jun 2021 to Sept 2021, and in the Latin American region (LATAM) from Jan 2022 to Mar 2022. Demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, type of vaccine(s), number of doses received, and dates of vaccination were collected. In each region, patient data from the survey were linked to data routinely collected by the PSP, with cut-off dates as mentioned. Fully vaccinated status was defined as having received 2 doses of mRNA vaccine, 1 dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine or other vaccines approved by the World Health Organization, plus 14 days. Descriptive analyses were performed and time to Year 2 treatment initiation among those with at least 18 months' follow-up was estimated by vaccination status. Result(s): The survey participation rate in GULF was 87% (91 out of 105) and 19% in LATAM (152 out of 789). In total, 62 (68%) patients in GULF and 144 (95%) in LATAM were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. In both regions, among those with at least 18 months' follow-up (GULF, n=59;LATAM, n=81), all patients initiated Year 2 of treatment with CladT, regardless of vaccination status. In GULF, the mean (standard deviation) time to treatment initiation in Year 2 was 13.8(1.6) months among fully vaccinated patients (44%) and 13.3(3.5) months among those not fully vaccinated (21%). In LATAM, the mean time was 12.8(1.4) months among those fully vaccinated (52%) and 12.4(0.02) months among those not fully vaccinated (1.3%). In each region, only 1 patient initiated Year 2 treatment after at least 18 months from the start of Year 1. Conclusion(s): Most patients were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in GULF and in LATAM, which was consistent with vaccination coverage and guidelines in both regions. In LATAM, low participation rates might lead to selection bias which limits interpretation of results. In these regions, with limited data, COVID-19 vaccination status did not appear to alter the time of treatment initiation with CladT in Year 2. Almost all patients followed the label recommendations in terms of timing of Year 2 treatment initiation.Copyright © 2022
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Purpose: In organ transplant, med errors, adverse drug events, and nonadherence lead to increased healthcare utilization and graft loss. Veterans with transplants are a high-risk population. Method(s): A med safety dashboard was created to identify potential issues that included missing pertinent labs, concerning trends in labs, drug-drug interactions, immunosuppressant non-adherence (refill gaps, expired meds), and transitions in care. This system was tested through a 24-month, prospective, cluster-randomized controlled multicenter study. Pharmacists at 5 intervention sites used the dashboard to identify and address potential med safety issues, which was compared with usual care provided at 5 control sites. Interim findings regarding dashboard functionality and interventions are reported here. Result(s): The study opened Mar 2019 and closed Jun 2021, with a COVID-19 induced hiatus (Apr to Jun 2020). As of the last interim analysis (18m follow-up), there were 1,928 patients enrolled across the 10 sites (1,181 intervention vs 815 control). Mean age was 65 years, 95% male, and 27% Black. Mortality was 9.3%, with no difference between arms (intervention 9.5% vs control 9.0%). ED visits (intervention 38.4% vs control 45.6%) and hospitalizations (intervention 25.6% vs control 37.6%) were higher in the control arm. The dashboard produced a total of 18,132 alerts from the 5 intervention sites;a rate of 1-2 per pt-month. Lab-based issues were most common (Figure 1), followed by non-adherence and transitions in care;70% of alerts were addressed (Figure 2 blue bars) in about 40 days (Figure 2 orange line). Actions taken by pharmacists are displayed in Figure 3, which were often already addressed or not clinically relevant. Adjustments made to med regimens based on dashboard alerts were uncommon. Multivariable modeling demonstrated location site, type of alert, and transplant type were predictors of alerts being addressed (Table 1). Conclusion(s): This multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial demonstrates that a med safety dashboard is feasibly deployable across the VA healthcare system, creating valid alerts;although most alerts were already addressed by other providers or deemed not to be clinically actionable. Future dashboard refinements should focus on reducing non-actionable alerts and addressing workload barriers to timely review. (Figure Presented).
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SESSION TITLE: Challenges in Cystic Fibrosis Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is seen in 30-50% of patients (most commonly Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonitis) but cystic lung disease is extremely rare (1). Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is an inflammatory lung disease that is characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells (2), and associated with lung cysts. Oftentimes, it is associated with HIV, lymphoma, and primary Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) (2), however there are rare reports of LIP associated with SLE (1). We present a case of a young male with incidental lung cysts who was found to have a new diagnosis of SLE. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old male with a past medical history of premature birth at 5 months and prior mild COVID-19 infection presented with 3 weeks of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and unintentional 15-pound weight loss. He endorsed dry mouth, frequent cavities, and a new rash involving his chest, face, and lower extremities. Physical exam was significant for malar rash and dry mucous membranes. Labs revealed pancytopenia, sedimentation rate 61 mm/hour and C-reactive protein 5.54 mg/L. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed several thin-walled cysts in all bilateral lung lobes (predominant in right upper lobe) and bilateral axillary lymph nodes [Figure 1]. CT abdomen and pelvis was unremarkable. Autoimmune work-up resulted in a positive antinuclear antibody >1:1280, double stranded DNA antibody elevated at 34, elevated SSA and SSB antibodies (>8.0 and 1.4 respectively), and decreased Complement 3 (59.5 mg/dl) and 4 (10.1 mg/dl) levels. Peripheral smear, right axillary lymph node and bone marrow biopsies were negative for malignancy. He was started on prednisone and Plaquenil with symptomatic improvement. There is high suspicion of LIP given the clinical and radiological findings. He will follow up in clinic to obtain PFTs and schedule a lung biopsy. DISCUSSION: Interstitial lung disease in SLE presents in middle-aged patients at a later part of their disease course, with a female preponderance (2,3). An initial presentation of SLE and secondary SS in a young male and associated cystic lung disease is rare. The suspicion for LIP in association with SLE is high in our patient given variable size and distribution of lung cysts and coexisting secondary Sjogren's syndrome, although no ground glass or nodular opacities were found on CT chest as reported in typical LIP (3). Though this patient has no pulmonary symptoms, cysts/LIP in SLE tend to progress and have a high incidence of developing lymphomas, gammaglobulinemia and amyloidosis (2,3). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to establish a histopathological diagnosis and obtain baseline PFTs to monitor pulmonary disease manifestations. In addition to controlling the primary disease with antirheumatic drugs, steroids have been found to be useful in acute pulmonary flares (2). Reference #1: Maeda R, Isowa N, Miura H, Tokuyasu H. Systemic lupus erythematosus with multiple lung cysts. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009 Jun;8(6):701-2. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2008.200055. Epub 2009 Mar 12. PMID: 19282324. Reference #2: Yood RA, Steigman DM, Gill LR. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1995 Apr;4(2):161-3. doi: 10.1177/096120339500400217. PMID: 7795624. Reference #3: Filipek MS, Thompson ME, Wang PL, Gosselin MV, L Primack S. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: radiographic and high-resolution CT findings. J Thorac Imaging. 2004 Jul;19(3):200-3. doi: 10.1097/01.rti.0000099464.94973.51. PMID: 15273618. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Matthew Fain No relevant relationships by Christina Fanous No relevant relationships by Rathnavali Katragadda No relevant relationships by CHRISELYN PALMA
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SESSION TITLE: Variety in Risk Factors and Treatment of VTE SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 1:45 pm INTRODUCTION: The year of 2020 will be a year never forgotten when the COVID-19 pandemic began. The healthcare system is going into a crisis facing a disease that is unknown and overwhelming. Companies were frantic to find a solution to help prevent so many unnecessary deaths. Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was granted emergency use by the FDA after proving efficacy in early trials. Many side effects were unknown and discovered as time went on. Unprovoked isolated pulmonary embolisms are rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24 year old male with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department due to shortness of breath, hemoptysis and chest pain. He denied any family history or personal history of clotting disorders. He received the mRNA COVID-19 Pfizer vaccine 5 days prior to symptom onset. He describes it as constant sharp pain with varying intensity that he rates a 6/10 and can reach a 10/10 pain exacerbated with lying flat and deep breathing. He also states he has been coughing up a teaspoon amount of blood with this chest pain. Physical examination revealed reduced breath sounds in the left lower lobe. Patient was hemodynamically stable. Labs were stable and hemoglobin was stable throughout the hospital course. Fibrinogen was elevated and hypercoagulable work-up was negative. CTA of chest was performed and revealed left-sided pulmonary emboli involving the left lower lobe with pulmonary infarction. Therefore, he was managed by Eliquis. DISCUSSION: Pfizer released a safety and efficacy report of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. Many of the common side effects reported were pain at the injection site, fatigue, headache, and fever [1]. Adverse events that were reported were shoulder injury, right axillary lymphadenopathy, paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia, and right leg paresthesia [1]. Isolated PE in a young healthy patient was never reported as an adverse event from the Pfizer safety and efficacy report. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has been proven to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism because it is a prothrombotic virus [2]. Vaccination reports of pulmonary embolism are increasing, however, isolated PE without a DVT is still very underreported and rare. The literature states that a lot of patients that are having PE after mRNA vaccine also have associated thrombocytopenia, however, this is not what this patient demonstrates [3]. A total of 43, 548 participants were observed for the safety and efficacy report of the Pfizer COVID-19 report and not a single patient demonstrated an isolated pulmonary embolism event [1]. CONCLUSIONS: This case is a demonstration of a rare occurrence of isolated PE with no evidence of DVT in such close proximity to receiving the mRNA COVID-19 Pfizer vaccination.There are few reports of pulmonary embolism in healthy patients with no history of clotting disorders and further data are needed to support this association. Reference #1: Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603-2615. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577 Reference #2: Hesam-Shariati S, Fatehi P, Abouzaripour M, Fathi F, Hesam-Shariati N, Hesam Shariati MB. Increased pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: a case series and literature review. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2021;7(1):16. Published 2021 Jun 12. doi:10.1186/s40794-021-00145-3 Reference #3: Muster V, Gary T, Raggam RB, Wölfler A, Brodmann M. Pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia following ChAdOx1 vaccination. Lancet. 2021;397(10287):1842. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00871-0 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Muhammad Azaz Cheema No relevant relationships by Morcos Fahmy No relevant relationships by Christina Gearges No relevant relationships by Asma Iftikhar
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SESSION TITLE: Dirty Jobs: Occupational Lung Diseases SESSION TYPE: Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm INTRODUCTION: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) is a group of immunologically mediated lung diseases. It develops in susceptible individuals with exposure to provoking antigens along with influence from genetic and environmental factors. There remains no standardized approach for assessing the various forms of HP and the diverse nature of the disease makes it difficult and often underdiagnosed. Cystic disease is not uncommon in HP, but the advanced cystic disease seen in our young patient was unique and likely compounded by her pregnancy as well as a previous illness with COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old female construction worker at 12 weeks gestation, with a past medical history of polysubstance abuse and previous COVID-19 infection ten months prior, presented with progressively worsening dyspnea of 9 months. She was admitted with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to recurrent right pneumothorax requiring multiple thoracenteses and eventually chest tube placement. CT Chest demonstrated severe cystic interstitial fibrosis with emphysematous changes. Initial lung biopsy showed interstitial fibrosis as a possible sequela of COVID-19. Due to her pregnancy and medical complications, she was transferred to a transplant center where she continued to have recurrent pneumothoraces requiring video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Autoimmune workup, HP panel, and extended myositis panel were negative. However, a repeat lung biopsy pointed to subacute HP. Despite steroid and immunosuppressant initiation, her hospital course was complicated by cardiac arrest and brain death. She went on to become an organ donor. DISCUSSION: Diffuse cystic lung diseases are characterized by parenchymal destruction of the airway walls leading to expansion of the distal airspaces forming multi-lobular cysts. A broad differential diagnosis for this exists including infection, Langerhans histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, interstitial pneumonia, and HP. The first step to evaluate HP is a detailed history of potential exposures. Our patient worked in construction and was exposed to commonly demonstrated antigens used in paint, plastic, and wood manufacture. Pregnancy appears to trigger symptoms in some patients, seen in prior case reports. Our patient's symptoms began after her COVID infection. Though not clearly studied, some studies have proposed that dysregulation of COVID - 19 immune response triggers interstitial fibrosis as a long-term sequela. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids are vital to the treatment and prevention of complications such as recurrent pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: Covid-19 is an emerging risk factor for the propagation of various immune-mediated diseases. Progression of disease may occur even after the infection has been cured and limited data is available regarding its relation. Early recognition and treatment can be effective life-saving measures in these patients. Reference #1: Baldi BG, Carvalho CRR, Dias OM, Marchiori E, Hochhegger B. Diffuse cystic lung diseases: differential diagnosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2017;43(2):140-149. Reference #2: Densem C, Niven R, Barber P, Bishop P. Development of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis during pregnancy. J R Soc Med. 1998;91(11):591-593. Reference #3: Ambardar SR, Hightower SL, Huprikar NA, Chung KK, Singhal A, Collen JF. Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2452. Published 2021 Jun 1 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Anastasia Brit No relevant relationships by Steven Colby No relevant relationships by Patrick Koo No relevant relationships by Vishruth Vyata No relevant relationships by Harika Yadav
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SESSION TITLE: Diagnosis of Lung Disease through Pathology Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: This report describes the case of a patient presenting with pneumothorax and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus-2 (SARS-cov-2) infection leading to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, with worsening presentation, later found to have underlying Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (PPFE). CASE PRESENTATION: A 68 year old male with a past medical history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes presented to his primary care clinic with shortness of breath. He underwent a Chest X-Ray as an outpatient which revealed a moderate right-sided pneumothorax (PTX), and he was sent to the Emergency Department by his primary care provider. He was found to be COVID positive on initial workup, also requiring supplemental oxygen. Other routine laboratory tests did not reveal any significant abnormalities. His shortness of breath worsened and on repeat X-rays his pneumothorax increased in size therefore a chest tube was placed by Cardiothoracic Surgery. Computerized Tomography of the chest revealed moderate right pneumothorax, bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities and pulmonary micronodules [Figure 1]. The patient had mild initial improvement and the chest tube was removed but he had recurrence of the PTX and he underwent urgent Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS), with right upper lobe wedge resection and talc pleurodesis. A biopsy of the resected lung revealed a benign lung with fibroelastotic scarring, diffusely involving subpleural tissue and prominently extending into and entrapping areas of underlying alveolated tissue, with no inflammation, granulomas or pneumonia noted. Workup for tuberculosis, autoimmune disorders, HIV was negative. He eventually was discharged home with close pulmonology and cardiothoracic surgery follow ups, planned for disease surveillance and malignancy workup. DISCUSSION: PPFE is a rare entity, and classified amongst rare causes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) [1]. It is characterized by upper lobe fibrosis, supleural and parenchymal scarring. It can occur at any age, and the usual presentation is of pneumothorax in a thin male, with a shortened anteroposterior diameter of the chest. Radiographic findings typically include subpleural nodular or reticular opacities in the upper lobes, usually sparing the middle and lower lobes. Pathology reveals increased elastic tissue and dense collagen fibers, along with subpleural fibrosis [2]. Pulmonary function testing reveals a restrictive pattern with reduced diffusion capacity and it is usually resistant to steroids [3]. CONCLUSIONS: PPFE is an uncommon cause of insidious, slowly progressive fibrotic lung disease often limited to the upper lobes. It should be suspected in any person presenting with recurrent pneumothorax or blebs without other known inciting causes. Lung biopsy helps establish the diagnosis. Patients with this condition need close pulmonology follow up to assess progression. Reference #1: Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, King TE Jr, Lynch DA, Nicholson AG, Ryerson CJ, Ryu JH, Selman M, Wells AU, Behr J, Bouros D, Brown KK, Colby TV, Collard HR, Cordeiro CR, Cottin V, Crestani B, Drent M, Dudden RF, Egan J, Flaherty K, Hogaboam C, Inoue Y, Johkoh T, Kim DS, Kitaichi M, Loyd J, Martinez FJ, Myers J, Protzko S, Raghu G, Richeldi L, Sverzellati N, Swigris J, Valeyre D;ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Sep 15;188(6):733-48. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201308-1483ST. PMID: 24032382;PMCID: PMC5803655. Reference #2: Frankel SK, Cool CD, Lynch DA, Brown KK. Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: description of a novel clinicopathologic entity. Chest. 2004 Dec;126(6):2007-13. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.6.2007. PMID: 1559 706. Reference #3: Watanabe K. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis: Its Clinical Characteristics. Curr Respir Med Rev. 2013 Jun;9(4):299-237. doi: 10.2174/1573398X0904140129125307. PMID: 24578677;PMCID: PMC3933942. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by FNU Amisha No relevant relationships by Perminder Gulani No relevant relationships by Hyomin Lim No relevant relationships by paras malik No relevant relationships by Divya Reddy
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SESSION TITLE: Critical Systemic Disease Case Report Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA) is an autoimmune small vessel vasculitis that is included in the group of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)- associated small vessel vasculitides (AAVs). GPA is a systemic disease, however acronym ELK is used to describe the most common involvement of Ear, nose, throat, Lungs, and Kidneys. We report a case of GPA, highlighting its presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: 59-year old female presented with vaginal bleeding, malaise, blurry vision, non productive cough and shortness of breath few days after receiving COVID-19 vaccine. Physical exam was remarkable for bilateral conjunctival injection with right sided ptosis and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings were significant for acute kidney injury and anemia. Computed tomography (CT) of chest revealed bilateral bronchovascular nodules and masses with interlobular septal thickening and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Fine needle aspiration of left inguinal lymph node was negative for malignancy. Bronchoscopy with bronchial brush revealed alveolar hemorrhage with capillaritis;bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) showed hemosiderin laden macrophages. Tissue biopsy was negative for malignancy. Testing for pulmonary renal syndrome was positive for C-ANCA and proteinase-3 (PR-3) antibodies. Anti-GBM antibody and anti-MPO antibody was negative. Plasmapheresis (PLEX) and pulse dose steroids were initiated however the patient was unable to tolerate the treatment. Her clinical condition continued to decline requiring multiple pressors, broad spectrum antibiotics and continuous renal replacement therapy. She was transitioned to comfort care per family's wishes and passed away. DISCUSSION: GPA is a rare necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels that can affect any organ but mainly involves the upper and lower respiratory tract. Necrotizing glomerulonephritis is common. Pulmonary involvement can include consolidation, tracheal or subglottic stenosis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, pleural effusion and interstitial lung disease. Lymphadenopathy, as seen in our patient is a rare presentation. Tissue biopsy is crucial for the diagnosis. Association with PR-3 ANCA is seen in more than 80% of GPA patients. Cases of AAVs after administration of COVID vaccine have been reported in the literature, although it is difficult to demonstrate causal relationship. Treatment of GPA with immunosuppression, usually corticosteroids, rituximab or cyclophosphamide, is recommended. The role of PLEX continues to evolve with emerging data, but use of this therapy is reasonable for patients with severe kidney injury and DAH secondary to active vasculitis refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of GPA is challenging as it can mimic metastatic lung malignancy. It should be considered in a broad range of differentials when evaluating patients presenting with pulmonary nodules. Reference #1: Greco A, Marinelli C, Fusconi M, Macri GF, Gallo A, De Virgilio A, Zambetti G, de Vincentiis M. Clinic manifestations in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2016 Jun;29(2):151-9. doi: 10.1177/0394632015617063. Epub 2015 Dec 18. PMID: 26684637;PMCID: PMC5806708. Reference #2: Kitching, A. R., Anders, H. J., Basu, N., Brouwer, E., Gordon, J., Jayne, D. R., Kullman, J., Lyons, P. A., Merkel, P. A., Savage, C., Specks, U., & Kain, R. (2020). ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 6(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0204-y Reference #3: Szymanowska-Narloch, A., Gawryluk, D., Błasińska-Przerwa, K., & Siemińska, A. (2019). Atypical manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: the diagnostic challenge for pulmonologists. Advances in respiratory medicine, 87(6), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2019.0062 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Sean Davidson No relevant relationships by Eric Flenaugh No relevant relationships by Marilyn Foreman No relevant relationships by KOMAL KAUR No relevant relationships by Gabriela Oprea-Ilies
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SESSION TITLE: Critical Cardiovascular Disorders SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 10:15 am - 11:10 am INTRODUCTION: Physicians are educated on the traditional pathways of sanguineous return of the head and neck through the superior vena cava (SVC). There are known causes of disruption of this system such as SVC syndrome and malignancy causing compression, delayed transit or invasion of these vessels. While compensatory angiogenesis is not a new concept, it has been primarily documented in cases involving coronary artery circulation or congenital heart defects. Here, we present a rare case of the development of left-sided collateral flow in lieu of a right sided SVC with connection to the IVC as a complication of histoplasma infection. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 67-year female with a past medical history of histoplasmosis, asthma and diabetes who presented with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. Shortly following admission, she was diagnosed with COVID19. In the course of her diagnostic evaluation, she was noted to have significant abnormalities of her thoracic vasculature. More specifically, she had developed calcified granulomas that included a large old calcified granuloma of her right hilum that caused a complete obliteration of her SVC and right middle lobe airways. Her right middle lobe airways had evidence of chronic scarring with development of left sided collateral circulation. Her collateral flow went through her innominate vein into her azygos system and from there into her inferior vena cava and back to her heart. DISCUSSION: It is well established in the literature that histoplasma can lead to scarring and granulomatous changes within lung parenchyma. Our case is unique in the location where the patient developed a granuloma. The close proximity to the SVC over time led to the complete obliteration of the vessel and as a compensatory mechanism her body developed collateral circulation to the left side via her azygous vein and IVC. While we were unable to find similar cases in the literature specifically caused by histoplasma, other phenomena have led to the development of collateral circulation within the lungs. Specifically, Genta et. al. published a case report of an acute pulmonary vein occlusion leading to the development of collateral circulation through the patients' bronchial veins and into the azygous & hemiazygos system similar to our patient. One of the clinical implications for this patient during her hospitalization was the severity of her illness with COVID19. She did require treatment in the intensive care unit. This prompted a discussion among the treatment team regarding developing a plan of action for central line placement should this patient have required vasopressor support. CONCLUSIONS: This case stresses the importance of understanding primary anatomy in order to comprehend potential variants and predict future consequences for patients. It also highlights how sequela of chronic conditions can impact treatment plans. Reference #1: Yu CH, Chen MR. Clinical investigation of systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries. Pediatr Cardiol. 2008 Mar;29(2):334-8. doi: 10.1007/s00246-007-9086-y. Epub 2007 Sep 18. PMID: 17876652. Reference #2: Schaper W. Development of the collateral circulation: History of an idea. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2002 Fall;7(2-3):60-3. PMID: 19649224;PMCID: PMC2719163. Reference #3: Genta PR, Ho N, Beyruti R, Takagaki TY, Terra-Filho M. Pulmonary vein thrombosis after bilobectomy and development of collateral circulation. Thorax. 2003 Jun;58(6):550-1. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.6.550. PMID: 12775876;PMCID: PMC1746717. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Alessandra Carrillo No relevant relationships by Chetachi Odelugo No relevant relationships by Shil Punatar No relevant relationships by Ravi Sundaram
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SESSION TITLE: Drug-Induced Lung Injury Pathology Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Daptomycin is an antibiotic that exerts its bactericidal effect by disrupting multiple aspects of bacterial cell membrane function. It has notable adverse effects including myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, eosinophilic pneumonitis, and anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old male with a history of type 2 diabetes presented with a 1-week history of dyspnea and productive cough. 2 weeks prior, he was started on vancomycin for MRSA osteomyelitis of the right foot, but was switched to daptomycin due to vancomycin induced nephrotoxicity. On presentation he was afebrile, tachycardic 100, hypertensive 183/109, tachypneic to 26, hypoxemic 84% on room air, which improved to 94% on nasal cannula. Chest exam noted coarse breath sounds in all fields and pitting edema of lower extremities were present. Labs showed leukocytosis of 15.2/L, Na of 132 mmol/L, and creatinine 3.20mg/dL (normal 1 month prior). COVID-19 testing was negative. Chest X-ray noted new bilateral asymmetric opacifications. Daptomycin was discontinued on day 1 of admission, he was started on IV diuretics and ceftaroline. Further study noted peripheral eosinophilia. Computed tomography of the chest showed bilateral centrally predominant ground-glass infiltrates with air bronchograms and subcarinal and paratracheal lymphadenopathy. On day 4, he underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Cytology noted 4% eosinophil with 43% lymphocytes. Eventually, oxygen requirements and kidney function returned to baseline. He was discharged on ceftaroline for osteomyelitis DISCUSSION: Daptomycin-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonitis (AEP) often results in respiratory failure in the setting of exposure to doses of daptomycin >6mg/kg/day. It is characterized by the infiltration of pulmonary parenchyma with eosinophils and is often associated with peripheral eosinophilia. AEP has been associated with certain chemicals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and antibiotics including daptomycin. Renal dysfunction is associated with an increased risk for developing AEP. The mechanism for daptomycin-induced lung injury is unknown but is believed to be related to daptomycin binding to pulmonary surfactant culminating in epithelial injury. Diagnostic criteria include recent daptomycin exposure, fever, dyspnea with hypoxemic respiratory failure, new infiltrates on chest radiography, BAL with > 25% eosinophils, and clinical improvement following daptomycin discontinuation. Our patient met four out of six criteria;we believe that BAL results were due to discontinuing daptomycin days before the procedure was performed. Sometimes stopping daptomycin is enough for recovery, however, steroids may be beneficial and were used in some of the cases reported in the literature CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider AEP in a patient on Daptomycin presenting with respiratory failure, as timely discontinuation favors a good prognosis Reference #1: Uppal P, LaPlante KL, Gaitanis MM, Jankowich MD, Ward KE. Daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia - a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016;5:55. Published 2016 Dec 12. doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0158-8 Reference #2: Kumar S, Acosta-Sanchez I, Rajagopalan N. Daptomycin-induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia. Cureus. 2018;10(6):e2899. Published 2018 Jun 30. doi:10.7759/cureus.2899 Reference #3: Bartal C, Sagy I, Barski L. Drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia: A review of 196 case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(4):e9688. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009688 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Chika Winifred Akabusi No relevant relationships by Shazia Choudry No relevant relationships by Hector Ojeda-Martinez No relevant relationships by Mario Torres
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SESSION TITLE: Lung Cancer Imaging Case Report Posters 2 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia typically presents with ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities, atypically small cavities may be seen in severe cases. In patients with cavities persisting beyond 12 weeks, an underlying malignancy is a worrisome concern. We present a case of a 39-year old female without significant risk factors for pulmonary malignancy who was found, surprisingly, to have a cavitating adenocarcinoma in the setting of COVID-19 Pneumonia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39 year old obese African American female, never smoker, with co-existing metabolic syndrome presented to our institution with a four day history of productive cough (without hemoptysis), body aches, fever and fatigue. She denied weight loss or loss of appetite. No known family history of malignancy. She tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. She was clinically stable, hence discharged home with recommendations for quarantine and supportive care. She returned the following day with worsening dyspnea. Her chest radiograph noted a supra-hilar opacity with central lucency, Chest CT revealed wedge-shaped ground-glass and consolidative density in the right lower lobe and a 3.8 x 4.1 cm cavitary right upper lobe mass with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She received parenteral antibiotic therapy and underwent infectious and autoimmune workup, which was negative. Repeat CT imaging, approximately three months post discharge, revealed persisting cavitary lesion and enlarging mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She underwent Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy with biopsy and fine needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes (stations 7 and 4R) via endobronchial ultrasound. Biopsy results and fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes revealed adenocarcinoma with tumor cells being positive for TTF-1 and negative for CK20, CDX2, GATA3, PAX8 and Synaptophysin. Next generation sequencing reported several variants including EGFR and Tp53, there was also noted amplification of CDK4 and MDM2. PDL-1 was negative. DISCUSSION: A cavity is a gas-filled space, seen as a lucency or low-attenuation area, within a nodule, mass, or area of parenchymal consolidation. Underlying etiologies are typically classified as infectious, autoimmune and malignant. Cavities are atypical findings on CT imaging in patients with viral pneumonias, including SARS-CoV-2. Those cavities persisting beyond 12 weeks are typically classified as being chronic, with malignancy a key concern in these patients. The most common type of primary cavitary lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, in fact Primary Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas are unlikely to cavitate. Treatment options, depending on the presence of targetable mutations, include concurrent chemoradiation, chemoimmunotherapy or oral targeted agent. CONCLUSIONS: Though an atypical presentation, Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma may present as a cavitary lesion, particularly in the presence of persisting or enlarging lymphadenopathy. Reference #1: Gafoor K, Patel S, Girvin F, Gupta N, Naidich D, Machnicki S, Brown KK, Mehta A, Husta B, Ryu JH, Sarosi GA, Franquet T, Verschakelen J, Johkoh T, Travis W, Raoof S. Cavitary Lung Diseases: A Clinical-Radiologic Algorithmic Approach. Chest. 2018 Jun;153(6):1443-1465. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.026. Epub 2018 Mar 6. PMID: 29518379. Reference #2: Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Document on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19: Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA Scott Simpson, Fernando U. Kay, Suhny Abbara, Sanjeev Bhalla, Jonathan H. Chung, Michael Chung, Travis S. Henry, Jeffrey P. Kanne, Seth Kligerman, Jane P. Ko, and Harold Litt Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging 2020 2:2 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Mark Bowling, value=Consulting fee Removed 04/02/2022 by Mark Bowling No relevant relationships by Mark Bowling, value=Consulting fee Removed 04/02/2022 by Mark Bowling No releva t relationships by Mark Bowling, value=Consulting fee Removed 04/02/2022 by Mark Bowling No relevant relationships by Sulaiman Tijani
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SESSION TITLE: Lung Cancer Assessment and Risk Calculations SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 11:15 am - 12:15 pm PURPOSE: Detection of pulmonary nodules is central to early diagnosis of lung cancer. Many types of observer error have been reported in literature. During the pandemic the radiology departments were stretched, and it is possible that the radiologists were primarily looking to either confirm or rule out COVID and missed nodules due to satisfaction of search and fatigue. This study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of such errors. METHOD: 1312 consecutive chest CT scans interpreted in two specialist radiology units during the months of May-Jun 2021 (peak of India's 2nd covid wave) were used in this study. All scans were processed by qCT-Lung, a deep learning algorithm capable of flagging nodules. The radiology reports of the cases flagged by qCT were searched for findings suggestive of lung cancer. Cases for which nodules or mass were not mentioned in the report were re-read by an independent radiologist with qCT's assistance. The radiologist was aware of the context and was asked to mark flagged lesions as Yes/no for nodules. They also rated the nodule for malignancy potential in a positive directed five-point Likert scale if the flag was correct and gave an alternative finding if incorrect. RESULTS: 381 (29.0%) scans were flagged for nodules by qCT. 52 of these were also reported in radiology reports. Of the 329 scans re-read by radiologist, 65 (19.8 %) scans were reported as having nodules. These 65 scans had a total of 134 nodules. The median size (longest diameter) of these nodules was 14 mm (range: 7 - 33) and most (95) were solid nodules. The most common reason (94.5%) of false flag by qCT was ground-glass opacity with consolidation. 53 of 65 of the correctly identified scans were given malignancy rating of 1 or 2 (non-malignant or probably non-malignant). 10 were given a rating of 3 (could be malignant or non-malignant) and 2 were rated as probably malignant. Two cases of lung cancers were flagged by both qCT and reports. CONCLUSIONS: Nodules were not reported in 65 scans. All of them can't be considered as missed by radiologists. From the ratings provided by the radiologist doing re-reads - it is possible that previous radiologists could have not reported the nodule due to perceived malignancy risk. 12 scans had ratings that would have warranted follow-up action. False flags were mainly due to ground glass with consolidation. The occurrence of ground glass opacities in COVID could in part explain the high number of false flags in this study. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: All scans had nodules with size > 6 mm and 26 had multiple nodules making the patients eligible for follow-up as per Fleischner guideline. Radiologist report only clinically significant findings focussing mostly on indication(s) of the scan. Taking a conservative approach and reporting all nodules irrespective of perceived risk will help clinicians plan follow-up. Algorithms like qCT-Lung can help readers in identifying all nodules. DISCLOSURES: Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: 15/12/2020 Added 04/04/2022 by Vikash Challa, value=Salary Removed 04/04/2022 by Vikash Challa Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current employee Added 04/04/2022 by Vikash Challa, value=Salary Owner/Founder relationship with bodyScans Please note: Current co-founder Added 04/05/2022 by Era Dwivedi, value=Salary Employee relationship with Aarthi Scans and Labs Please note: Current Employee Added 04/04/2022 by Arunkumar Govindarajan, value=Salary Owner/Founder relationship with bodyScans Please note: Current Director Added 04/05/2022 by Arpit Kothari, value=Salary Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current employee Added 04/04/2022 by Souvik Mandal, value=Salary Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current employee Added 04/04/2022 by Ankit Modi, value=Salary Self relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current employee Added 04/04/2022 by SAI NAREN V S, value=Salary Employee elationship with Qure AI Please note: Current Employee Added 04/04/2022 by Vanapalli Prakash, value=Salary Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current employee Added 04/07/2022 by Preetham Putha, value=Salary Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: 4 years Added 04/04/2022 by Bhargava Reddy, value=Salary Employee relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current Employee Added 03/27/2022 by Saigopal Sathyamurthy, value=Salary Owner/Founder relationship with Qure.ai Please note: Current co-founder Added 04/04/2022 by Prashant Warier, value=Salary
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SESSION TITLE: Using Imaging for Diagnosis Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) uses an ultrasound technique that helps physicians augment physical examination findings and guide clinical decision-making at the bedside. We present a case that became a watershed moment for internal medicine residents at Abington Jefferson Hospital to use POCUS for every patient with atrial flutter/fibrillation with RVR prior to initiating diltiazem drip. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of palpitations. He was tachycardic with a heart rate in the 150s, and his rhythm was irregular. His basic labs were normal;an electrocardiogram investigation showed that he was experiencing an atrial flutter with 2:1 and 3:1 blocks. Chest X-ray was clear. He was given IV metoprolol 10 mg twice without achieving rate control and then started on a diltiazem drip, which initially improved his heart rate to 70s with rhythm changing to atrial flutter with 4:1 block. However, he started to become hypoxic, requiring intubation and then hemodynamically unstable, requiring initiation of pressors. Postintubation CXR indicated bilateral diffuse pulmonary edema and vascular congestion. Subsequently, he had Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved after 3 minutes of chest compression and one round of epinephrine injection. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 10%. He had a right heart catheterization which showed a CI of 1.7 and elevated PCWP and RVP. He was started on milrinone for ionotropic support and needed norepinephrine, vasopressin and phenylephrine to sustain his blood pressure. DISCUSSION: Atrial flutter and fibrillation are routinely seen arrhythmias in hospital settings. Patients with irregular rhythm who are in rapid ventricular rate and normotensive are often given IV metoprolol few times and then started on a diltiazem drip if RVR continues. Diltiazem not only decreases heart rate (negative chronotropic) but also decreases ventricular squeeze (negative ionotropic). It is contraindicated in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Patients’ ejection fraction values are not always known, especially if they have never had a transthoracic echocardiogram in the past or prior records are not available. POCUS helps physicians and residents to access and estimate LV function quickly and augments clinical decision making at the bedside. CONCLUSIONS: Internal Medicine Residents at Abington Hospital have made it a part of their protocol to always perform bedside ultrasonography in patients with atrial flutter/fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate before initiating diltiazem drip to prevent further avoidable cardiogenic shocks. Reference #1: Fey H, Jost M, Geise AT, Bertsch T, Christ M. Kardiogener Schock nach bradykardisierender Therapie bei tachykardem Vorhofflimmern : Fallvorstellung einer 89-jährigen Patientin [Cardiogenic shock after drug therapy for atrial fibrillation with tachycardia : Case report of an 89-year-old woman]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2016 Jun;111(5):458-62. German. doi: 10.1007/s00063-015-0089-9. Epub 2015 Oct 6. PMID: 26440099. Reference #2: Bitar ZI, Shamsah M, Bamasood OM, Maadarani OS, Alfoudri H. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in the ICU. J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jan;29(1):60-68. doi: 10.4250/jcvi.2020.0138. PMID: 33511802;PMCID: PMC7847790. Reference #3: Murray A, Hutchison H, Popil M, Krebs W. The Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Accurately Measure Cardiac Output in Flight. Air Med J. 2020 May-Jun;39(3):218-220. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2019.12.008. Epub 2020 Jan 14. PMID: 32540116. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Fnu Aisha No relevant relationships by Lucy Checchio No relevant relationships by Ans Dastgir No relevant relationships by Shravya Ginnaram No relevant relationships by Syeda Hassan No relevant relationships by Chaitra Janga No relev nt relationships by Rameesha Mehreen No relevant relationships by Rahat Ahmed Memon No relevant relationships by Binod Poudel No relevant relationships by Shreeja Shah
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SESSION TITLE: Anatomical Cardiovascular Disease Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Scimitar Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia and displacement of the cardiac structures into the right hemi-thorax (1) The name Scimitar Syndrome is derived from the resemblance of the anomalous pulmonary vein to a curved Middle Eastern sword known as a scimitar (1). Some patients experience no symptoms while others may have severe pulmonary hypertension and dyspnea (2) (3). Cases may be discovered in infancy although some patients are not diagnosed until early adulthood. Here we present a case of a woman who was discovered to have symptomatic scimitar syndrome in her teenage years and opted to forego correction. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient was a 38 year old female with past medical history of Scimitar Syndrome who presented to the pulmonary clinic after a short hospitalization with mild COVID-19. Prior to contracting COVID-19 she had experienced worsening dyspnea over one year and now becomes short of breath after walking one half block. Open surgical correction was offered at diagnosis but was not pursued due to patient preference. A CT Angiogram of the chest was performed while she was hospitalized which showed an anomalous right pulmonary vein draining to the hepatic IVC, minimal bilateral patchy opacities and displacement of the heart into the right hemi-thorax. Echocardiography showed normal right ventricular size and function and did not show evidence of pulmonary hypertension. She was referred to the adult congenital heart disease clinic and continued to have severe dyspnea and fatigue. 6 months later, repeat echocardiography and cardiac MRI demonstrated borderline dilation of the right ventricle and atrium but no echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The patient remains hesitant to undergo invasive procedures or interventions. She has been offered a right heart catheterization to better characterize her volume status and obtain direct measurement of her pulmonary artery pressures. DISCUSSION: Although generally discovered in infancy and childhood, Scimitar syndrome may not be discovered until adulthood. Various treatments are available for correction of scimitar syndrome including open surgical approaches with direct implantation of the scimitar vein into the left atrium, trans-catheter occlusion of aorto-pulmonary collaterals and re-routing of the anomalous vein into the left atrium via endoscopic graft placement (4) (6) (7) (8). If left uncorrected worsening left to right shunting and pulmonary hypertension may occur (5). Our patient has developed borderline right ventricular dilation and has experienced severe functional limitation. A right heart catheterization is indicated to determine her pulmonary artery pressures. This case illustrates the potential consequences of deferring early treatment for Scimitar Syndrome CONCLUSIONS:. Reference #1: Frydrychowicz A, Landgraf B, Wieben O, François CJ. Images in Cardiovascular Medicine. Scimitar syndrome: added value by isotropic flow-sensitive four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with PC-VIPR (phase-contrast vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction). Circulation. 2010 Jun 15;121(23):e434-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.931857. PMID: 20547935 Reference #2: Abdullah A. Alghamdi, Mansour Al-Mutairi, Fahad Alhabshan, Scimitar syndrome: restoration of native pulmonary venous connection, European Heart Journal Supplements, Volume 16, Issue suppl_B, November 2014, Pages B41–B43, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suu025 Reference #3: Khan A, Ring NJ, Hughes PD. Scimitar syndrome (congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2005 Apr;81(954):216. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.027813. PMID: 15811882;PMCID: PMC1743239 DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by John Prudenti No relevant relationships by Anthony Smith
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SESSION TITLE: Critical Diffuse Lung Disease Cases 2 SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is dramatic in presentation mimicking infectious pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome in previously healthy individuals. Medications are a commonly recognized cause of AEP. Daptomycin, has been strongly linked to AEP. Herein, we present a case of a patient with a septic joint treated with Daptomycin who went on to develop AEP. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient is an 80 year old man with history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, atrial flutter, complete heart block status post pacemaker, who had a hx of a mucinous cyst on his left index finger, requiring hospitalization. Blood cultures were positive for MRSA s/p debridement of the joint. He was discharged on 4 weeks of intravenous daptomycin. Two weeks after being discharged he presented back to the hospital with fevers, fatigue and worsening shortness of breath. His temperature was 103.8 and O2 saturation of 90% on 2L NC. Laboratory findings included WBC count of 8.6 with no eosinophilia on differential, ESR 110, negative blood cultures, sputum cultures with commensal flora, negative urine legionella, PCR for SARS COV-2 was negative. Chest radiograph showed mild interstitial airspace disease in the left mid and lower thorax, along with small bilateral pleural effusions. CT chest showed scattered bilateral consolidations and ground glass opacities and trace bilateral effusions. Daptomycin was switched to Vancomycin. Patients oxygen requirements had increased to 6l NC. Patient underwent airway exam with bronchoscopy and broncheoalveolar lavage in superior segment of the lingula, which showed inflamed bronchial mucosa with copious secretions. Cell count of the BAL showed increased eosinophil count with negative gram stain and culture. Patient was started on methylprednisolone 60 mg four times per day and then tapered. Vancomycin was switched to oral linezolid. Patient's hypoxia improved and was discharged home on 3l NC. At four week follow up, he no longer required oxygen on ambulation and chest radiograph showed complete resolution of infiltrates. DISCUSSION: Over 140 drugs have been recognized as a cause of drug induced eosinophilic pneumonia (DIEP). The diagnosis of DIEP requires febrile illness <5 days, diffuse bilateral infiltrates, hypoxemia and BAL showing 25% eosinophils or eosinophilic pneumonitis on lung biopsy. Additionally, a diagnosis of DIEP requires exposure to a candidate drug in the appropriate time frame, exclusion of infectious causes of eosinophilic pulmonary opacities. It also requires clinical improvement after cessation of medication. Daptomycin has been strongly linked to DIEP. In 2010 US FDA issued a warning about the risk of developing eosinophilic pneumonia during treatment with Daptomycin. CONCLUSIONS: Daptomycin is strongly linked with DIEP. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for DIEP in patient treated with daptomycin who develop respiratory distress. Reference #1: Uppal, P., LaPlante, K.L., Gaitanis, M.M. et al. Daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia - a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 5, 55 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0158-8 Reference #2: Cottin V. Eosinophilic Lung Diseases. Clin Chest Med. 2016 Sep;37(3):535-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.015. Epub 2016 Jun 25. PMID: 27514599. Reference #3: Rosenberg CE, Khoury P. Approach to Eosinophilia Presenting With Pulmonary Symptoms. Chest. 2021 Feb;159(2):507-516. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.247. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PMID: 33002503;PMCID: PMC8039005. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Kamelia Albujoq No relevant relationships by Rajaninder Sharma
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SESSION TITLE: Autoimmune Diffuse Lung Disease Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) present with varying degrees of severity and functional impairment. Patients with CTD-ILD may often initially present for pulmonary evaluation. Pulmonologists must be familiar with the spectrum of CTD syndromes, the associated serologic testing, and referral criteria to rheumatology. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old never-smoking female with prior mild COVID-19 infection, previously vaccinated, presented to clinic with a diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. She endorsed three years of progressive shortness of breath and dyspnea on exertion walking only eight blocks and with light household chores. The patient had worked as a professional chef in poorly ventilated kitchens. Review of systems was notable for morning stiffness and pain in bilateral hand joints with associated difficulty opening medication bottles secondary to symptoms. Previous computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated peripheral, subpleural, and basal predominant reticulations accompanied by bronchiectasis and bronchioloectasis consistent with probable usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Envisia® genomic testing was performed and results were negative for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Extensive serologic testing for CTD was performed, including rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides which were normal. The patient was referred to rheumatology, and hand x-rays demonstrated diffuse MCP joint narrowing. The patient was diagnosed with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with RA-ILD and started on treatment. DISCUSSION: Multiple society guidelines recommend serologic testing to rule out CTD-ILD in patients with new ILD. ILD has been reported to occur in 20-60% of patients with RA with multiple patterns. Patients with seronegative RA are more likely to develop extraarticular manifestations of RA including fibrotic lung disease. Patients who are asymptomatic from RA-ILD may be monitored clinically for worsening RA-ILD. The selection of patients for treatment with an immunosuppressive agent or glucocorticoids should be done with a multidisciplinary team. Patients with RA-ILD and a UIP pattern may not respond to immunosuppressive medications but are typically trialed on treatment for worsening lung disease. Randomized controlled trials that included patients with RA-ILD with fibrosis have suggested a role for nintedanib, an anti-fibrotic agent, in slowing the progression of forced vital capacity decline. CONCLUSIONS: CTD-ILD is a common diagnosis in pulmonary clinics, and ILD symptoms may be the chief complaint at presentation. Providers must be familiar with diagnostic criteria for CTD and obtain a detailed review of systems that might suggest the diagnosis of CTD. Early diagnosis of CTD-ILD and monitoring of disease activity is important to prevent progression of CTD-ILD. Reference #1: Yoo H, Hino T, Han J, et al. Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and interstitial lung abnormality (ILA): Evolving concept of CT findings, pathology and management. Eur J Radiol Open. 2020;8:100311. Published 2020 Dec 16. doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100311 Reference #2: Sahatciu-Meka V, Rexhepi S, Manxhuka-Kerliu S, Rexhepi M. Extra-articular manifestations of seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2010;10(1):26-31. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2010.2729 Reference #3: Cottin V. Pragmatic prognostic approach of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2010 Jun;35(6):1206-8. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00008610. PMID: 20513909. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Brenda Garcia No relevant relationships by Zein Kattih No relevant relationships by Priyanka Makkar No relevant relationships by Jonathan Moore
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SESSION TITLE: Imaging, ECMO, and other Procedures in the ICU Case Posters SESSION TYPE: Case Report Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/19/2022 12:45 pm - 01:45 pm INTRODUCTION: Superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke that is difficult to identify due to various clinical presentations. It is the most common form of dural sinus thrombosis, and common risk factors include hypercoagulable state, traumatic head injury, pregnancy/postpartum, and malignancy. More than 85 percent of adult patients have at least one risk factor for cerebral venous thrombosis. Some patients with SSS thrombosis do not have clearly identifiable risk factors, and this case highlights one such patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old Caucasian male with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a recent intracranial hemorrhage with residual left-sided weakness, presented to the emergency department with worsening left-sided weakness. Upon admission, his physical exam was notable for 4/5 strength in the left upper extremity and 2/5 strength in the left lower extremity. This was a reduction in strength from a baseline of 4/5 in the left upper and lower extremities. Labs on admission were normal except for high-sensitivity troponin of 86 and WBC of 14.5. UA with a small amount of blood. An initial CT brain without contrast showed no acute changes, evolutionary changes in the right frontal temporal lobe, and subtle curvilinear hyperdensity near a site of the intracranial hemorrhage identified in the prior month. This curvilinear hyperdensity was thought to reflect early parenchymal calcification. MRI brain without contrast showed new and evolving areas of abnormal signaling and an evolving hematoma with surrounding vasogenic edema, all of which are in the right lobe. There was no apparent diffusion coefficient correlate. Thus, MRI with contrast and MRV was recommended. EEG showed no evidence of epileptiform activity. Additionally, transthoracic echo demonstrated new non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with an EF of 35-40%. The diagnosis was ultimately made after the patient had a Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) which showed evidence of the SSS thrombosis and an indication that the previously visualized curvilinear hyperdensity is suspected to represent slowed flow within a surface vein. Heparin was started to recanalize the sinus and prevent thrombus propagation. After the appropriate treatment was started, the patient's weakness improved dramatically. DISCUSSION: Typically, patients with SSS thrombosis have identifiable risk factors like hypercoagulable states, traumatic head injuries, pregnancy/postpartum, malignancy, and more recently association with COVID-19 infection. In this case, since the patient lacked identifiable risk factors, the MRV played a key role in the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Like our patient, 30-40 percent of patients present with an intracerebral hemorrhage. Differentials of SSS thrombosis should be considered in etiologies for intracerebral hemorrhage, especially when an identifiable cause is lacking, in order to avoid delays in treatment and resolution. Reference #1: Abdalkader M, Shaikh SP, Siegler JE, Cervantes-Arslanian AM, Tiu C, Radu RA, Tiu VE, Jillella DV, Mansour OY, Vera V, Chamorro Á, Blasco J, López A, Farooqui M, Thau L, Smith A, Gutierrez SO, Nguyen TN, Jovin TG. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study and Review of Literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Jun;30(6):105733. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105733. Epub 2021 Mar 4. PMID: 33743411;PMCID: PMC7931726. Reference #2: Rehman A, Husnain MG, Mushtaq K, Eledrisi MS. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis precipitated by Graves’ disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Jun 4;2018:bcr2017224143. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-224143. PMID: 29866676;PMCID: PMC5990097. Reference #3: Nakase H, Takeshima T, Sakaki T, Heimann A, Kempski O. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a clinical and experimental study. Skull Base Surg. 1998;8(4):169-74. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1058178. PMID: 17171061;PMCID: PMC1656696. DISCLOSURES: No relevant rel tionships by Ken Johnson No relevant relationships by Nina Le No relevant relationships by Riaz Mahmood No relevant relationships by Ngoc Phan
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SESSION TITLE: Lessons Learned from Critical Care Cases SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Case Reports PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 12:25 pm - 01:25 pm INTRODUCTION: Air outside the lungs, bowel, or paranasal cavities suggests critical pathology. Pneumoperitoneum is a classic example in which free abdominal air may signify hollow viscus injury and the need for emergent surgical management. Ectopic gas can also be secondary to barotrauma secondary to mechanical ventilation and concurrent lung injury;the latter being findings often observed in COVID pneumonia (1,2,3). Our case of extensive intramedullary gas in the setting of COVID pneumonia is an example of extensive dissecting air related to barotrauma, but also illustrates how it mimics dire cases of pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, it is an imaging finding that intensivists caring for COVID pneumonia patients should be aware of. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old male with mild restrictive lung disease from congenital scoliosis developed COVID pneumonia and hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation. Clinical course was complicated by renal failure, deep venous thromboses, and radial artery occlusion. CT evaluation revealed large volume upper abdominal pre-peritoneal gas, pneumoperitoneum, soft tissue and intramedullary gas within bilateral ribs and multiple vertebral bodies. Despite reassuring abdominal exams, the patient deteriorated. The patient was placed on comfort care and expired. DISCUSSION: Intramedullary gas refers to the presence of air within the cortical or trabecular bone, bone marrow, or medullary cavity. It is an exceedingly rare imaging finding which was first described in ischemic vertebral collapse and osteomyelitis (4,5). Differential diagnosis includes infection, trauma, degenerative and iatrogenic causes (5,6). Embryologically, fascial layers of the thorax and periosteal coverings of the thoracic osseous structures are derived from the mesoderm, thus creating a continuum between the lungs, surrounding soft tissues, peritoneum, and surrounding osseous structures, and therefore allowing gas to travel between the lung and intramedullary space (7). As cases of COVID pneumonia with ARDS increase, we are becoming aware of the increasing incidence of ectopic air, and the poor prognosis and increased mortality that results (1). Therefore, the finding of intramedullary gas is an important prognostic indicator that the clinician should be aware of. CONCLUSIONS: Several recent studies demonstrate increased mortality in COVID patients who develop ectopic gas as a result of barotrauma and/or acute lung injury (1,2,3). As such the clinician should be aware of these findings, which include pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, pre-peritoneal air, and intramedullary gas for early recognition. Reference #1: 1. Lemmers DHL, Abu Hilal M, Bnà C, Prezioso C, Cavallo E, Nencini N, Crisci S, Fusina F, Natalini G. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19: barotrauma or lung frailty? ERJ Open Res. 2020 Nov 16;6(4):00385-2020. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00385-2020. PMID: 33257914;PMCID: PMC7537408. Reference #2: 2. Guven BB, Erturk T, Kompe Ö, Ersoy A. Serious complications in COVID-19 ARDS cases: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and haemothorax. Epidemiol Infect. 2021 Jun 8;149:e137. doi: 10.1017/S0950268821001291. PMID: 34099076;PMCID: PMC8207553. Reference #3: 3. Tetaj N, Garotto G, Albarello F, Mastrobattista A, Maritti M, Stazi GV, Marini MC, Caravella I, Macchione M, De Angelis G, Busso D, Di Lorenzo R, Scarcia S, Farina A, Centanni D, Vargas J, Savino M, Carucci A, Antinori A, Palmieri F, D'Offizi G, Ianniello S, Taglietti F, Campioni P, Vaia F, Nicastri E, Girardi E, Marchioni L, Icu Covid-Study Group. Incidence of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in 497 COVID-19 Patients with Moderate-Severe ARDS over a Year of the Pandemic: An Observational Study in an Italian Third Level COVID-19 Hospital. J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 29;10(23):5608. doi: 10.3390/jcm10235608. PMID: 34884310;PMCID: PMC8658701. DISCLOSURES: Researc support relationship with 4D Medical Please note: March 2021 Added 04/04/2022 by Anu Brixey, value=Grant/Research Support No relevant relationships by raluca mccallum